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Articles in Resonance – Journal of Science Education
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 7-13 Series Article
Origin (?) of the Universe Historical Background
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 14-19 Series Article
Life: Complexity and Diversity A World in Flux
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 20-27 Series Article
Algorithms Introduction to Algorithms
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 28-33 Series Article
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 34-39 Series Article
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 40-47 Series Article
Know Your Chromosomes Nature's Way of Packing Genes
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 48-55 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer Introduction to Computers
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Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1996 pp 56-62 Series Article
Learning Organic Chemistry Through Natural Products Natural Products - A Kaleidoscopic View
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Volume 1 Issue 2 February 1996 pp 12-17 Series Article
Origin (?) of the Universe The Expanding Universe
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Volume 1 Issue 2 February 1996 pp 18-25 Series Article
Life: Complexity and Diversity The Expanding Biosphere
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Volume 1 Issue 2 February 1996 pp 26-31 Series Article
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Volume 1 Issue 2 February 1996 pp 32-39 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer The Personal Computer Hardware
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Volume 1 Issue 2 February 1996 pp 40-46 Series Article
Learning Organic Chemistry Through Natural Products Determination of Absolute Stereochemistry
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Volume 1 Issue 3 March 1996 pp 6-12 Series Article
Origin (?) of the Universe The Big Bang
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Volume 1 Issue 3 March 1996 pp 13-23 Series Article
Algorithms The While-Construct
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Volume 1 Issue 3 March 1996 pp 24-29 Series Article
Geometry Towards a Geometry of Space and Time
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Volume 1 Issue 3 March 1996 pp 30-38 Series Article
Know Your Chromosomes The Strong Holds of Family Trees
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Volume 1 Issue 4 April 1996 pp 5-14 Series Article
Origin (?) of the Universe The First Three Minutes
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Volume 1 Issue 4 April 1996 pp 15-22 Series Article
Life : Complexity and Diversity Growing Larger
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Volume 1 Issue 4 April 1996 pp 23-30 Series Article
Fascinating Organic Transformations The Ubiquitous Hydrogen Bond
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Volume 1 Issue 4 April 1996 pp 31-36 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer The Personal Computer System Software
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Volume 1 Issue 5 May 1996 pp 6-11 Series Article
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Volume 1 Issue 5 May 1996 pp 12-18 Series Article
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Volume 1 Issue 6 June 1996 pp 8-21 Series Article
Origin (?) of the Universe Observational Cosmology
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Volume 1 Issue 6 June 1996 pp 22-32 Series Article
Algorithms Procedures and Recursion
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Volume 1 Issue 6 June 1996 pp 33-40 Series Article
Geometry Enter Bernhard Riemann
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Volume 1 Issue 6 June 1996 pp 41-49 Series Article
Know Your Chromosomes Hybrid Cells and Human Chromosomes
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Volume 1 Issue 7 July 1996 pp 6-14 Series Article
Origin (?) of the Universe - Present Challenges in Cosmology
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Volume 1 Issue 7 July 1996 pp 15-22 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer - The CPU Base-Architecture
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Volume 1 Issue 7 July 1996 pp 23-30 Series Article
Learning Organic Chemistry Through Natural engine Products - Structure and Biological Functions
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Volume 1 Issue 8 August 1996 pp 8-15 Series Article
What can the Answe be? - Elementary Vector Analysis
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Volume 1 Issue 8 August 1996 pp 16-21 Series Article
Life: Complexity and Diversity - Scales of Diversity
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Volume 1 Issue 8 August 1996 pp 22-27 Series Article
Jeans and Means - The Story of Indigo
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Volume 1 Issue 8 August 1996 pp 28-33 Series Article
Geometry VI - Space-the Final Frontier
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Volume 1 Issue 9 September 1996 pp 8-13 Series Article
Life: Complexity and Diversity Distribution of Diversity
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Volume 1 Issue 9 September 1996 pp 14-24 Series Article
Introduction to Algorithms Turtle Graphics
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Volume 1 Issue 9 September 1996 pp 25-33 Series Article
Learning Organic Chemistry Through Natural Products A Practical Approach
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Volume 1 Issue 10 October 1996 pp 6-13 Series Article
What Can the Answer be? Reciprocal Basis and Dual Vectors
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Volume 1 Issue 10 October 1996 pp 14-25 Series Article
Know Your Chromosomes The Paths to Disorder Are Many
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Volume 1 Issue 10 October 1996 pp 26-36 Series Article
Error Correcting Codes How Numbers Protect Themselves
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Volume 1 Issue 10 October 1996 pp 37-43 Series Article
Learning Organic Chemistry Through Natural Products Architectural Designs in Molecular Constructions
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Volume 1 Issue 11 November 1996 pp 8-17 Series Article
The Challenge of Weather Prediction 1. The Basic Driving
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Volume 1 Issue 11 November 1996 pp 18-28 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer 5. The CPU Base Instruction Set and Assembly Language Programming
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Volume 1 Issue 12 December 1996 pp 6-16 Series Article
Approach to Absolute Zero Liquefaction of Gases
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Volume 1 Issue 12 December 1996 pp 17-25 Series Article
Life Complexity and Diversity Whither Diversity
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Volume 1 Issue 12 December 1996 pp 26-38 Series Article
Algorithms Data Types and their Representation in Memory
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Volume 2 Issue 1 January 1997 pp 8-15 Series Article
The Challenge of Weather Prediction Difficulties in Predicting the Weather
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Volume 2 Issue 1 January 1997 pp 16-24 Series Article
The Vacillating Mathematician Where Does She End Up?
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Volume 2 Issue 1 January 1997 pp 25-33 Series Article
The Immune System and Bodily Defence Why Do We Need an Immune System?
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Volume 2 Issue 1 January 1997 pp 34-43 Series Article
Error Correcting Codes The Hamming Codes
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Volume 2 Issue 2 February 1997 pp 8-16 Series Article
Approach to Absolute Zero From 4. 22 K. to 0. 3 K.
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Volume 2 Issue 2 February 1997 pp 17-24 Series Article
The Immune System and Bodily Defence How Do Parasites and the Immune System Choose their Dances?
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Volume 2 Issue 2 February 1997 pp 25-33 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer Memory Organization
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Volume 2 Issue 2 February 1997 pp 34-40 Series Article
The Vacillating Mathematician A Stochastic Version
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Volume 2 Issue 2 February 1997 pp 41-51 Series Article
A Tale of Two Topologies: Woodward–Hoffmann Rules at Your Fingertips!
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Volume 2 Issue 3 March 1997 pp 8-15 Series Article
The Challenge of Weather Prediction Old and Modern Ways of Weather Forecasting
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Volume 2 Issue 3 March 1997 pp 16-32 Series Article
Algorithms - Algorithms for Sorting and Searching
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Volume 2 Issue 3 March 1997 pp 33-47 Series Article
Error Correcting Codes - Reed Solomon Codes
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Volume 2 Issue 3 March 1997 pp 48-57 Series Article
Know Your Chromosomes - The Uniqueness of Sex Chromosomes
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Volume 2 Issue 4 April 1997 pp 8-18 Series Article
Nonlinearity, Conservation Law and Shocks-Genuine Nonlinearity and Discontinuous Solutions
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Volume 2 Issue 5 May 1997 pp 8-14 Series Article
What Can the Answer be? Reciprocal Basis in Two Dimensions and Other Nice Things
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Volume 2 Issue 5 May 1997 pp 15-22 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer - Input–Output Ports
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Volume 2 Issue 5 May 1997 pp 23-28 Series Article
Use of Isotopes for Studying Reaction Mechanisms Isotopes as Markers
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Volume 2 Issue 6 June 1997 pp 6-14 Series Article
Approach to Absolute Zero 0.3 K. to a Few Milli-Kelvin
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Volume 2 Issue 6 June 1997 pp 15-24 Series Article
The Normal Distribution From Binomial to Normal
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Volume 2 Issue 6 June 1997 pp 25-38 Series Article
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Volume 2 Issue 6 June 1997 pp 39-46 Series Article
Algorithms - Data Structures: Lists, Queues, Stacks and Arrays
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Volume 2 Issue 6 June 1997 pp 47-53 Series Article
Use of Isotopes for Studying Reaction Mechanisms Primary Kinetic Isotope Effect
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Volume 2 Issue 7 July 1997 pp 8-19 Series Article
Nonlinearity, Conservation Law and Shocks Stability Consideration and Examples
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Volume 2 Issue 7 July 1997 pp 20-26 Series Article
What Can the Answer be? Reciprocal Basis in n-Dimensions and other Ramifications
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Volume 2 Issue 7 July 1997 pp 27-37 Series Article
The Normal Distribution Some Roles of Normality
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Volume 2 Issue 7 July 1997 pp 38-47 Series Article
Know Your Chromosomes But Why?
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Volume 2 Issue 7 July 1997 pp 48-54 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
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Volume 2 Issue 8 August 1997 pp 6-17 Series Article
Algorithms - Algorithm Design Techniques
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Volume 2 Issue 8 August 1997 pp 18-25 Series Article
Use of Isotopes for Studying Reaction Mechanisms-Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effect
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Volume 2 Issue 9 September 1997 pp 6-10 Series Article
The Immune System and Bodily Defence How Does the Immune System Recognize Everything Under the Sun?
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Volume 2 Issue 9 September 1997 pp 11-17 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer High-Level Operating Systems
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Volume 2 Issue 10 October 1997 pp 8-16 Series Article
Approach to Absolute Zero Below 10 milli-Kelvin
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Volume 2 Issue 10 October 1997 pp 17-28 Series Article
Algorithms - Universality and Incomputability
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Volume 2 Issue 10 October 1997 pp 29-37 Series Article
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Volume 2 Issue 11 November 1997 pp 8-13 Series Article
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Volume 2 Issue 11 November 1997 pp 14-22 Series Article
Know Your Personal Computer - You and Your PC
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Volume 3 Issue 1 January 1998 pp 8-14 Series Article
Multiplication on Rn Division Algebra and Vector Product
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Volume 3 Issue 1 January 1998 pp 15-20 Series Article
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Volume 3 Issue 2 February 1998 pp 8-15 Series Article
Multiplication on Rn Adam's Theorems and Applications
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Volume 3 Issue 4 April 1998 pp 6-14 Series Article
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Volume 3 Issue 4 April 1998 pp 15-29 Series Article
Algorithms - Correctness of Programs
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Volume 3 Issue 4 April 1998 pp 30-42 Series Article
Molecules to Materials - An Overview of Functional Molecular Solids Effect
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Volume 3 Issue 5 May 1998 pp 6-23 Series Article
Molecules to Materials Liquid Crystals and Molecular Conductors
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Volume 3 Issue 6 June 1998 pp 8-15 Series Article
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Volume 3 Issue 7 July 1998 pp 8-17 Series Article
Molecules to Materials - Molecular Magnetic Materials
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Volume 3 Issue 8 August 1998 pp 14-24 Series Article
Molecules to Materials - Molecular Nonlinear Optical Materials
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Volume 3 Issue 9 September 1998 pp 6-13 Series Article
Great Experiments in Physics - Discovery of Transistor Effect that Changed the Communication World
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Volume 3 Issue 10 October 1998 pp 8-15 Series Article
Chaos - Studying Chaos in the Laboratory
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Volume 3 Issue 10 October 1998 pp 16-25 Series Article
Molecules to Materials - Molecular Material Devices
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Volume 3 Issue 10 October 1998 pp 26-40 Series Article
175 Years of Linear Programming - The French Connection
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Volume 3 Issue 11 November 1998 pp 8-17 Series Article
Great Experiments in Physics - Tunneling in Superconductors: The Josephson Effect
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Volume 3 Issue 12 December 1998 pp 4-12 Series Article
Molecules to Materials - Molecular Scale Devices
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Volume 4 Issue 1 January 1999 pp 8-22 Series Article
175 Years of Linear Programming - Pivots in Column Space
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Volume 4 Issue 2 February 1999 pp 8-19 Series Article
Electrostatics in Chemistry - Basic Principles
Shridhar R Gadre Pravin K Bhadane
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Volume 4 Issue 4 April 1999 pp 6-11 Series Article
Mapmakers - The Province of Philosophers
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Volume 4 Issue 5 May 1999 pp 8-18 Series Article
Great Experiments in Physics - Measuring Diameters of Stars: The Hanbury Brown-Twiss Effect
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Volume 4 Issue 5 May 1999 pp 19-30 Series Article
Numeracy for Everyone - Why Quantification?
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Volume 4 Issue 5 May 1999 pp 31-39 Series Article
175 Years of Linear Programming - Pune's Gift
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Volume 4 Issue 5 May 1999 pp 40-51 Series Article
Electrostatics in Chemistry - Electrostatic Potentials of Atoms, Ions and Molecules
Shridhar R Gadre Pravin K Bhadane
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Volume 4 Issue 6 June 1999 pp 8-14 Series Article
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Volume 4 Issue 7 July 1999 pp 4-13 Series Article
175 Years of Linear Programming - Minimax and Cake Topography
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Volume 4 Issue 7 July 1999 pp 14-23 Series Article
Electrostatics in Chemistry - Molecular Electrostatic Potential: Visualization and Topography
Shridhar R Gadre Pravin K Bhadane
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Volume 4 Issue 8 August 1999 pp 8-15 Series Article
Mapmakers Techniques of Cartography
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Volume 4 Issue 8 August 1999 pp 16-24 Series Article
Science and Technology of Ceramics - Traditional Ceramics
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Volume 4 Issue 9 September 1999 pp 6-13 Series Article
Great Experiments in Physics - Birth of Quantum Electronics – Masers
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Volume 4 Issue 9 September 1999 pp 14-23 Series Article
Numeracy for Everyone - Dice of Life
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Volume 4 Issue 10 October 1999 pp 8-15 Series Article
Great Experiments in Physics - Birth of Quantum Electronics – Lasers
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Volume 4 Issue 10 October 1999 pp 16-21 Series Article
Statistical Computing - Understanding Randomness and Random Numbers
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Volume 4 Issue 10 October 1999 pp 22-39 Series Article
175 Years of Linear Programming - Max Flow = Min Cut
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Volume 4 Issue 12 December 1999 pp 4-10 Series Article
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Volume 4 Issue 12 December 1999 pp 11-20 Series Article
Electrostatics in Chemistry - Electrostatic Models for Weak Molecular Complexation
Shridhar R Gadre Pravin K Babu
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Volume 4 Issue 12 December 1999 pp 21-30 Series Article
Science and Technology of Ceramics - Functional Ceramics
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Volume 5 Issue 2 February 2000 pp 4-11 Series Article
Science and Technology of Ceramics - Advanced Ceramics: Structural Ceramics and Glasses
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Volume 5 Issue 4 April 2000 pp 6-18 Series Article
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) - Basic Principles
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Volume 5 Issue 4 April 2000 pp 19-27 Series Article
Statistical Computing - Technique of Statistical Simulation
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Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2000 pp 6-14 Series Article
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Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2000 pp 15-25 Series Article
Numeracy for Everyone - Just for Ecologists
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Volume 5 Issue 6 June 2000 pp 8-14 Series Article
The Study of Butterflies - The Naming of Indian Butterflies
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Volume 5 Issue 6 June 2000 pp 15-29 Series Article
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) - Old and New Photosensitizers
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Volume 5 Issue 8 August 2000 pp 4-12 Series Article
The Study of Butterflies - Flight, Fuels and Senses
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Volume 5 Issue 8 August 2000 pp 13-21 Series Article
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) - New Approaches and Newer Applications
Bhaskar G Maiya G Hariprasad L Giribabu
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Volume 5 Issue 9 September 2000 pp 8-21 Series Article
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Volume 5 Issue 10 October 2000 pp 4-12 Series Article
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Volume 5 Issue 10 October 2000 pp 13-23 Series Article
Electronic Commerce - What is E-Commerce?
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Volume 5 Issue 10 October 2000 pp 24-31 Series Article
Shriniwas L Kelkar Dilip D Dhavale
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Volume 5 Issue 11 November 2000 pp 4-13 Series Article
Great Experiments in Physics - Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
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Volume 5 Issue 11 November 2000 pp 14-25 Series Article
Numeracy for Everyone - Numeracy in Research Planning
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Volume 5 Issue 11 November 2000 pp 26-36 Series Article
Electronic Commerce - E-Commerce System Architecture
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Volume 5 Issue 12 December 2000 pp 6-11 Series Article
Shriniwas L Kelkar Dilip D Dhavale
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Volume 6 Issue 1 January 2001 pp 8-17 Series Article
Electronic Commerce - Secure Messaging
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Volume 6 Issue 2 February 2001 pp 6-13 Series Article
Electronic Commerce - Payment Schemes
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Volume 6 Issue 2 February 2001 pp 14-22 Series Article
Shriniwas L Kelkar Dilip D Dhavale Prabodh G Pol
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Volume 6 Issue 3 March 2001 pp 8-18 Series Article
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Volume 6 Issue 4 April 2001 pp 8-14 Series Article
Electronic Commerce-Cash Transactions
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Volume 6 Issue 4 April 2001 pp 15-21 Series Article
Shriniwas L Kelkar Dilip D Dhavale Jeevan G Chandwadkar
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Volume 6 Issue 5 May 2001 pp 8-15 Series Article
The Study of Butterflies - Intra-specific Variation
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Volume 6 Issue 6 June 2001 pp 6-17 Series Article
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Volume 6 Issue 6 June 2001 pp 18-27 Series Article
Electronic Commerce - Electronic Data Interchange and XML
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Volume 6 Issue 7 July 2001 pp 6-12 Series Article
Shriniwas L Kelkar Dilip D Dhavale
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Volume 6 Issue 8 August 2001 pp 8-21 Series Article
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Volume 6 Issue 8 August 2001 pp 22-31 Series Article
Electronic Commerce - Emerging Applications and Some Legal Issues
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Volume 6 Issue 10 October 2001 pp 16-28 Series Article
Early Planetary Environments and the Origin of Life - Early Planetary Environments
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Volume 6 Issue 11 November 2001 pp 4-17 Series Article
Early Planetary Environments and the Origin of Life - Origin of Life on Earth
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Volume 7 Issue 1 January 2002 pp 4-10 Series Article
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System - An Introduction to Glial Cells
Medha S Rajadhyaksha Yasmin Khan
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Volume 7 Issue 4 April 2002 pp 4-19 Series Article
Mathematics in Ancient India - An Overview
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Volume 7 Issue 4 April 2002 pp 20-26 Series Article
Medha S Rajadhyaksha Daya Manghani
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Volume 7 Issue 5 May 2002 pp 8-15 Series Article
The Study of Butterflies - Defences and Defensive Behaviour
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Volume 7 Issue 6 June 2002 pp 6-13 Series Article
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System - Oligodendrocytes – Ensheathers of the CNS
Yasmin Khan Medha S Rajadhyaksha
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Volume 7 Issue 7 July 2002 pp 6-14 Series Article
The Study of Butterflies - Congregations, Courtship and Migration
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Volume 7 Issue 8 August 2002 pp 8-15 Series Article
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System - Schwann Cells – Regulators of the Periphery
Yasmin Khan Medha S Rajadhyaksha
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Volume 7 Issue 10 October 2002 pp 6-22 Series Article
Mathematics in Ancient India - Diophantine Equations: The Kuttaka
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Volume 7 Issue 10 October 2002 pp 23-29 Series Article
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System - Microglia – The Guardians of the CNS
Medha S Rajadhyaksha Daya Manghani
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Volume 7 Issue 11 November 2002 pp 8-17 Series Article
Evolutionary Biology Today - The Domain of Evolutionary Biology
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Volume 8 Issue 2 February 2003 pp 6-18 Series Article
Evolutionary Biology Today - What do Evolutionary Biologists do?
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Volume 8 Issue 11 November 2003 pp 10-24 Series Article
Mathematics in Ancient India - Brahmagupta’s Lemma: The Samasabhavana
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Volume 11 Issue 8 August 2006 pp 8-21 Series Article
The Indian Monsoon - Variations in Space and Time
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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2006 pp 8-21 Series Article
The Indian Monsoon - How do We get Rain?
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Volume 12 Issue 5 May 2007 pp 4-20 Series Article
The Indian Monsoon - Physics of the Monsoon
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Volume 13 Issue 1 January 2008 pp 4-11 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Potentials of Potatoes: A Surprise in Newtonian Gravity
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Volume 13 Issue 2 February 2008 pp 108-114 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Angular Momentum of Electromagnetic Field
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Volume 13 Issue 3 March 2008 pp 212-217 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Quantum Mechanics on the Run
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Volume 13 Issue 3 March 2008 pp 218-235 Series Article
The Indian Monsoon - Links to Cloud systems over the Tropical Oceans
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Volume 13 Issue 4 April 2008 pp 312-318 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Schwarzschild Metric at a Discounted Price
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Volume 13 Issue 5 May 2008 pp 412-419 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Why are Black Holes Hot?
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Volume 13 Issue 6 June 2008 pp 510-518 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - The Logarithms of Physics
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Volume 13 Issue 7 July 2008 pp 610-618 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Thomas Precession
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Volume 13 Issue 8 August 2008 pp 706-715 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Foucault Meets Thomas
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Volume 13 Issue 9 September 2008 pp 802-811 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Ambiguities in Fluid Flow
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Volume 13 Issue 9 September 2008 pp 812-835 Series Article
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and the Foundations of Evolutionary Genetics - The Dance of the Genes
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Volume 13 Issue 9 September 2008 pp 836-842 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - Historical Perspective
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Volume 13 Issue 10 October 2008 pp 941-950 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Thermodynamics of Self-Gravitating Particles
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Volume 13 Issue 10 October 2008 pp 951-970 Series Article
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Volume 13 Issue 10 October 2008 pp 971-977 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - The Atmosphere
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Volume 13 Issue 11 November 2008 pp 998-1008 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Isochronous Potentials
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Volume 13 Issue 11 November 2008 pp 1009-1019 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - Airplane Basics
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Volume 13 Issue 12 December 2008 pp 1098-1106 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Paraxial Optics and Lenses
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Volume 13 Issue 12 December 2008 pp 1107-1116 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics-Fluid Flow Fundamentals
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Volume 13 Issue 12 December 2008 pp 1117-1132 Series Article
The Indian Monsoon - Prediction of the Monsoon
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Volume 14 Issue 1 January 2009 pp 8-18 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - The Optics of Particles
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Volume 14 Issue 1 January 2009 pp 19-31 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - Aerodynamic Forces on Simple Bodies
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Volume 14 Issue 2 February 2009 pp 179-190 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - The Power of Nothing
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Volume 14 Issue 2 February 2009 pp 191-203 Series Article
Aerobasics–An Introduction to Aeronautics - Airfoils and Wings in Subsonic Flow
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Volume 14 Issue 3 March 2009 pp 259-271 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Hubble Expansion for Pedestrians
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Volume 14 Issue 3 March 2009 pp 272-289 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - Supersonic Aerodynamics
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Volume 14 Issue 4 April 2009 pp 318-327 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Lagrange has (more than) a Point!
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Volume 14 Issue 4 April 2009 pp 328-345 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - The Airplane Configuration
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Volume 14 Issue 5 May 2009 pp 499-507 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Why does an Accelerated Charge Radiate?
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Volume 14 Issue 6 June 2009 pp 622-629 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Perturbing Coulomb to Avoid Accidents!
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Volume 14 Issue 7 July 2009 pp 638-649 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Random Walk Through Random Walks - I
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Volume 14 Issue 7 July 2009 pp 650-666 Series Article
Aerobasics – An Introduction to Aeronautics - Airplane Propulsion
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Volume 14 Issue 8 August 2009 pp 799-806 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Random Walk Through Random Walks - II
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Volume 14 Issue 9 September 2009 pp 907-915 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Extreme Physics
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Volume 14 Issue 9 September 2009 pp 916-928 Series Article
Aerobasics: An Introduction to Aeronautics - Airplane Performance
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Volume 14 Issue 10 October 2009 pp 934-943 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Wigner's Function and Semi-Classical Limit
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Volume 14 Issue 11 November 2009 pp 1060-1070 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Real Effects from Imaginary Time
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Volume 14 Issue 11 November 2009 pp 1071-1091 Series Article
Aerobasics - An Introduction to Aeronautics - Airplane Stability and Control
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Volume 14 Issue 12 December 2009 pp 1144-1152 Series Article
Snippets of Physics - Kepler and his Problem
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Volume 15 Issue 1 January 2010 pp 64-75 Series Article
Aerobasics - An Introduction to Aeronautics - Safety in Aviation
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Volume 15 Issue 3 March 2010 pp 206-222 Series Article
Aerobasics - An Introduction to Aeronautics - The Airplane Structure
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Volume 15 Issue 4 April 2010 pp 302-320 Series Article
Aerobasics-An Introduction to Aeronautics - Air Navigation Principles
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Volume 15 Issue 5 May 2010 pp 400-410 Series Article
Aerobasics - An Introduction to Aeronautics - Mini and Micro Airplanes
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Volume 15 Issue 6 June 2010 pp 498-502 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The First Tottering Steps
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Volume 15 Issue 7 July 2010 pp 590-594 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Athens Factor
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Volume 15 Issue 8 August 2010 pp 684-689 Series Article
Dawn of Science - `Ishango Bone’ To Euclid
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Volume 15 Issue 9 September 2010 pp 774-778 Series Article
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Volume 15 Issue 10 October 2010 pp 870-874 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Healing Art
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Volume 15 Issue 11 November 2010 pp 1009-1015 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Arab Legacy
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Volume 15 Issue 12 December 2010 pp 1062-1067 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Indo–Arabic Numerals
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Volume 16 Issue 1 January 2011 pp 6-11 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Printed Page
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Volume 16 Issue 2 February 2011 pp 110-115 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Conquest of the Seas
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Volume 16 Issue 2 February 2011 pp 116-128 Series Article
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Volume 16 Issue 3 March 2011 pp 274-278 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Role of Modern Medicine
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Volume 16 Issue 4 April 2011 pp 304-309 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Copernican Revolution
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Volume 16 Issue 5 May 2011 pp 446-450 Series Article
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Volume 16 Issue 6 June 2011 pp 582-587 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Paths of Planets
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Volume 16 Issue 7 July 2011 pp 663-669 Series Article
Dawn of Science-The Galilean World
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Volume 16 Issue 8 August 2011 pp 770-775 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Affairs of the Heart
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Volume 16 Issue 9 September 2011 pp 854-859 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Invisible Weight
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Volume 16 Issue 10 October 2011 pp 950-955 Series Article
Dawn of Science - Geometry Without Figures
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Volume 16 Issue 11 November 2011 pp 1039-1043 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Questions of Life
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Volume 17 Issue 1 January 2012 pp 6-10 Series Article
Dawn of Science - Measuring the Heavens
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Volume 17 Issue 2 February 2012 pp 106-115 Series Article
Dawn of Science - Calculus is Developed in Kerala
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Volume 17 Issue 3 March 2012 pp 230-235 Series Article
Dawn of Science - All was Light - 1
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Volume 17 Issue 4 April 2012 pp 324-329 Series Article
Dawn of Science - All was Light - 11
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Volume 17 Issue 5 May 2012 pp 436-440 Series Article
Dawn of Science - The Quest for Power
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Volume 17 Issue 6 June 2012 pp 532-537 Series Article
Dawn of Science - Chemistry Comes of Age
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Volume 17 Issue 10 October 2012 pp 928-942 Series Article
Fascinating Organic Molecules from Nature - Some Exotic Red Pigments of Plant Origin
N R Krishnaswamy C N Sundaresan
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Volume 17 Issue 11 November 2012 pp 1022-1033 Series Article
Fascinating Organic Molecules from Nature - The Blue of Blue Jeans and Royal Purple
N R Krishnaswamy C N Sundaresan
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Volume 18 Issue 1 January 2013 pp 12-21 Series Article
N R Krishnaswamy C N Sundaresan
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Volume 18 Issue 3 March 2013 pp 206-217 Series Article
Challenges in the Quest for Clean Energies - Background
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Volume 18 Issue 3 March 2013 pp 218-225 Series Article
Fascinating Organic Molecules from Nature - Hunting with Poisoned Arrows: Story of Curare
N R Krishnaswamy C N Sundaresan
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Volume 18 Issue 5 May 2013 pp 428-439 Series Article
N R Krishnaswamy C N Sundaresan
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Volume 18 Issue 5 May 2013 pp 440-457 Series Article
Challenges in the Quest for Clean Energies - Solar Energy Technologies
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Volume 18 Issue 7 July 2013 pp 662-672 Series Article
Circadian Rhythms - From Daily Rhythms to Biological Clocks
Koustubh M Vaze Vijay Kumar Sharma
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Volume 18 Issue 7 July 2013 pp 673-683 Series Article
N R Krishnaswamy C N Sundaresan
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Volume 18 Issue 8 August 2013 pp 756-770 Series Article
Challenges in the Quest for Clean Energies - Wind Technologies
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Volume 18 Issue 9 September 2013 pp 832-844 Series Article
Circadian Rhythms - The Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
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Volume 18 Issue 11 November 2013 pp 1032-1050 Series Article
Circadian Rhythms - Circadian Timing Systems: How are they Organized?
Koustubh M Vaze Vijay Kumar Sharma
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Volume 18 Issue 12 December 2013 pp 1110-1126 Series Article
Challenges in the Quest for Clean Energies - Other Renewable Resources and Conclusion
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Volume 19 Issue 2 February 2014 pp 175-189 Series Article
Circadian Rhythms: Why do Living Organisms Have Them?
Koustubh M Vaze K L Nikhil Vijay Kumar Sharma
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Volume 19 Issue 4 April 2014 pp 368-375 Series Article
Ecology: From Individuals to Collectives: A Physicist's Perspective on Ecology
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Volume 23 Issue 8 August 2018 pp 871-884 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour 1. How Wasps Find Their Nests
In this series of articles, I will introduce the reader to the scienceof ethology, somewhat indirectly by describing simpleexperiments, both old and new, designed to understand howand why animals behave the way they do. My emphasis willbe on the design of the experiments and my goal will be tomotivate readers not only to think about the design but alsoto come up with alternatives and improvements. Motivatedreaders can indeed replicate some of these experiments evenif they end up replacing the study animal or the behaviours ofinterest with their own favourite choices. In the first part ofthe series, I describe how Niko Tinbergen – Nobel Laureateand one of the founding fathers of ethology (the science of animalbehaviour) – designed remarkably simple experimentsto successfully understand how digger wasps find their ownnests in a complex habitat also consisting nests built by otherwasps.
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Volume 23 Issue 8 August 2018 pp 885-904 Series Article
Breakthroughs in Information and Communication Technologies Part II
In Part 1 of this series of articles, I defined what is meantby a breakthrough in ICT, listed fourteen breakthroughs inchronological order, and described five breakthroughs. Inthis second part of the three-part series of articles on Breakthroughsin Information and Communication Technologies, Idescribe four more breakthroughs: Computer Graphics, Internet,Global Positioning Systems, and theWorldWideWeb.As in the last part, I will justify why I consider them as breakthroughsand briefly describe each of them.
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Volume 23 Issue 9 September 2018 pp 993-1023 Series Article
Breakthroughs in Information and Communication Technologies: Part III
In Part 1 of this series of articles, I defined what is meant bya breakthrough in ICT and listed fourteen breakthroughs inchronological order. Subsequently, nine breakthroughs weredetailed in Parts 1 and 2. In this concluding part, I describethe last five breakthroughs: search engines, digitization andcompression, mobile computers, cloud computing, and deeplearning.
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Volume 24 Issue 7 July 2019 pp 741-753 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour: 4. How Do Bees Estimate the Distance Flown?
This article describes simple experiments that showthat honeybees estimate the distance they have flown, by means of ‘opticflow’, i.e., the extent of image motion experienced by theireyes. The estimated distance is then communicated to thebees at home through the tempo of their dance (number ofdance circuits in 15 s) or the duration of the waggle phase ineach circuit. The experiments also provide strong evidenceagainst the previously held view that distance is estimatedby the amount of energy consumed during the flight. Theseexperiments illustrate how cutting-edge research is possiblewith little or no facilities, equipment or money, by asking theright questions, optimizing the design of the experiments andregarding previously fashionable theories with an appropriatedegree of scepticism.
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Volume 24 Issue 8 August 2019 pp 891-900 Series Article
The Sounds of Music: Science of Musical Scales: 1. Human Perception of Sound
Both, human appreciation of music and musical genres transcend timeand space. The universality of musical genres and associated musicalscales is intimately linked to the physics of sound, and the specialcharacteristics of human acoustic sensitivity. In this series ofarticles, we examine the science underlying the development of theheptatonic scale, one of the most prevalent scales of the modernmusical genres, both western and Indian.
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Volume 24 Issue 9 September 2019 pp 995-1014 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour: 6. Why are Male Wasps Lazy?
In this article, we move from sensory physiology to psychologyand consider the proverbially lazy drone. I will describehow some simple experiments permitted us to understandwhy males in the Indian paper wasp Ropalidia marginata dono work in the colony even during the time they live in it. Takingthe behaviour of feeding larvae as an example of work,we show that male wasps normally do not feed larvae, not becausethey are incapable of doing so, but because they do nothave access to enough food and also because female wasps areso much better at this job. As a confirmation of this conclusion,we could cure the males of their laziness, i.e., get themto feed the larvae by providing them with excess food andleaving them in the presence of hungry larvae, without thepresence of females.
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Volume 24 Issue 9 September 2019 pp 1015-1023 Series Article
The Sounds of Music : Science of Musical Scales: II : Western Classical Music
A set of basic notes, or ‘scale’, forms the basis of music. Scalesare specific to specific genre of music. In this second articleof the series, we explore the development of various scalesassociated with Western classical music, arguably the mostinfluential genre of music of the present time.
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Volume 24 Issue 10 October 2019 pp 1111-1123 Series Article
Megaprojects: 1 ITER: Moving Towards Industrial-scale Fusion Energy: Indian Contribution
The ITER project, a collaboration of 35 countries to buildthe first industrial-scale fusion energy facility, is progressingin the south of France. ITER components are manufacturedin factories around the world, then shipped to the ITER sitefor assembly and installation. Strong progress towards FirstPlasma in 2025 has been possible due in part to substantialachievements in research and development on fusion technologiesto support ITER’s demanding engineering specifications.India is a core contributor.
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Volume 24 Issue 10 October 2019 pp 1125-1135 Series Article
The Sounds of Music: Science of Musical Scales III: Indian Classical Music
In the previous articles of this series, we have discussed thedevelopment of musical scales particularly that of the heptatonicscale which forms the basis of Western classical musictoday. In this last article, we take a look at the basic structureof scales used in Indian classical music and how differentragas are generated through the simple process of scaleshifting.
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Volume 24 Issue 11 November 2019 pp 1287-1310 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour: 8. How Do Wasps Decide Who Would Be the Queen? Part 2
Continuing to explore the fascinating world of the Indian paperwasp Ropalidia marginata, in this article, we will ask howwasps choose their queens in another context. In the previousarticle in this series, we saw how a simple experiment revealedthat wasps fight, i.e., indulge in dominance-subordinateinteractions, and the winner becomes the queen and theloser becomes the worker. This was in the context of newnest foundation. But contextmatters. When the same waspsonce again have to decide who will be their next queenif the first one dies or is experimentally removed, the samerules do not hold. The wasps in a mature colony continueto show dominance-subordinate interactions and can even bearranged in a dominance hierarchy, but the dominance ranksof the wasps do not predict who their next queen will be.How they choose their next queen in this context continuesto be an enduring mystery. In this article, I will describe foursimple experiments that have helped us come close to nailingthe culprit, although I must confess that we have not yetfound the smoking gun—the chase is on, and we are hot onthe trail—please join in!
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Volume 24 Issue 12 December 2019 pp 1413-1426 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour∗ 9. Why Do Wasps Fight? Part 1
Continuing to explore the intriguing world of the Indian paperwasp Ropalidia marginata, here we will focus on their fighting behaviour. When wasps fight, there is, as expected, a winner and a loser. The winner is said to have shown dominance behaviour, and the loser is said to have shown subordinate behaviour. What is the function of such dominance subordinate behaviour? We saw in the 7th article in this series [1] that in the context of founding new nests, wasps fight to decide who would be the queen and who would be the worker. We then saw in the 8th article in this series [2] thatwhen wasps have to decide who would be their next queenin a mature colony, they do not decide by fighting, although they fight for other reasons. We will see in this article that workers continue to show dominance-subordinate behaviour in mature colonies. What is the function of this aggression displayed by the workers? In this article, I will describe two simple experiments that help us answer this question, and show that the function of wasp aggression can be quite different in different contexts.
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Volume 24 Issue 12 December 2019 pp 1427-1438 Series Article
Megaprojects: 2 Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research: Universe in the Laboratory
Subhasis Chattopadhyay R K Bhandari Paolo Giubellino
The second article of the series on mega projects presents FAIR prospects for seamless experimentation across the nuclear landscape, and more; FAIR offers facilities to explore exotic plasma, nuclei and materials!
Details of the scientific programme, technological challenges, present status and future plans of FAIR are presented. India’s role as the third largest contributing country in FAIR GmbH is highlighted. Outreach activities and avenues to workin FAIR are discussed in detail.
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Volume 25 Issue 1 January 2020 pp 111-131 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour 10. Why Do Wasps Fight? Part 2
Continuing to explore the intriguing world of the Indian paperwasp Ropalidia marginata for one last time, here we willfocus on the function of fighting behaviour in two additionalcontexts (i) the hyper-aggression of the potential queen duringqueen succession and (ii) during encounters with nonnestmatewasps. We will see again that the function of fightingis different in different contexts. We have already seentwo different functions of fighting in two different contexts—to decide who will be the queen and who will be the workerin the context of founding new nests, and to regulate foragingin mature colonies by conveying colony hunger levels toforagers. Here we will see that the function of the potentialqueen’s hyper-aggression is to boost her own ovarian developmentand the function of aggression towards non-nestmates isto keep them away, and if necessary, to kill! As before, ourprimary focus will be on how to design simple experimentsthat will help answer a direct question, while minimising theneed for expensive equipment or other facilities.
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Volume 25 Issue 2 February 2020 pp 269-296 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour 11. Fighting Fish—Does Experience Matter?
Wonderful as they are, insects do not by any means exhaustthe possibilities of suitable organisms to conduct fascinating,cutting-edge, low-cost research, especially in animal behavior.Having seen how insects can be used to this end, in all theprevious articles in this series, I will now deliberately chooseexamples from studies done on vertebrates, starting with fishand navigating through the evolutionary tree of life, all theway to humans. In this article, we will see how simple, cleverexperiments can reveal that when fish fight, the outcome isnot only based on their intrinsic fighting abilities but alsoon extrinsic factors such as prior winning and losing experiences,and indeed, on a sophisticated interaction betweenintrinsic and extrinsic factors. In particular, we will studythe phenomenon of winner-effects and loser-effects and learnthat this is a near-virgin field of research waiting to be exploitedand eminently suitable for cutting-edge research at atrifling cost.
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Volume 25 Issue 6 June 2020 pp 817-838 Series Article
Charles Darwin proposed a separate theory of sexual selec-tion, as distinct from his theory of natural selection, to ac-count for adaptations that confer success in finding a mate, which may sometimes be quite the opposite of what is best for survival. Darwin’s proposal that females have a sense of beauty and choose mating partners that appear beautiful to them was met with much scepticism. But today we have a rather detailed understanding of what animals find beauti-ful and why. In this article, I will describe a few very sim-ple experiments performed by Michael J. Ryan, in collabora-tion with A. Stanley Rand, herpetologist extraordinaire and Merlin D Tuttle of the Bat Conservation International fame, that laid the foundation for our current understanding of the meaning and evolution of beauty. Studying the t´ungara frog on Barro Colorado Island, a research station of the Smithso-nian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, they showed that (1) male t´ungara frogs can produce both simple calls, consist-ing of just a whine, or complex calls in which one or more chucks are added to the whine, (2) female t´ungara frogs have a decided preference to mate with males giving complex calls,(3) males are nevertheless reluctant to add chucks to their calls and generally do so only when they hear other males calling, and (4) the local predatory fringe-lipped bat also has a decided preference to eat males giving complex calls. Male t´ungara frogs thus face a trade-off between sex and survival. These experiments not only answered the question of why males don’t do their best when it comes to singing, but they also set the stage for many more sophisticated investigations that have led to an understanding of how and why natural selection has favoured this particular sexual aesthetic in the frogs and this particular culinary aesthetic in the bats.
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Volume 25 Issue 10 October 2020 pp 1419-1455 Series Article
That the cuckoo lays its eggs in the nests of other species and does not build its own nest or raise its own offspring, is one of the oldest known facts about Natural History and has been abundantly and eloquently immortalised in myths and stories, art and literature, music and poetry, philosophy and morals. Attempts to understand this curious phenomenon in any rational way began just about 100 years ago. With a landmark study consisting of a few simple and elegant experiments that needed no laboratory or funding, Nick Davies and Michael Brooke at Cambridge University in the UK ushered in its modern scientific study as recently as 1988. In this article, I will describe their experiments and their results and conclusions, accompanied by a running commentary relating their work to the theme of this series and end with some more general reflections on the pursuit of the science of animal behavior.
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Volume 25 Issue 11 November 2020 pp 1595-1629 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour: 15. Why Do Parents and Offspring Quarrel?
Since all of us have been children at some time in our lives, and many of us have also been parents at other times, we are well aware of the psychological and physiological importance of parental care, both for the offspring as well as for the parents. But at the same time, we are also painfully aware that there is often some conflict between parents and their offspring about the amount of parental investment that should flow from parents to offspring. As evolutionary biologists, however, we must pause and ask: why the conflict? According to the theory of natural selection, living organisms are expected to maximize their Darwinian fitness. Since offspring are the currency of Darwinian fitness, should not ‘parent-offspring conflict’ be an oxymoron? Why should there be a conflict between parents and offspring? Offspring should be selected to survive and grow, and have offspring of their own, and parents should be selected to do everything in their power to help the offspring to achieve their goals. Indeed, there is no parent-offspring conflict in some species, notably, in those species that produce a single offspring or produce all their offspring in one go, and die. There is nothing more important for parents of such species than the welfare of their offspring, leaving no scope for parent-offspring conflict.
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Volume 26 Issue 1 January 2021 pp 105-126 Series Article
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour: 16. Cutting-Edge Research at Trifling Cost
I have had multiple aims in writing this series of articles. My primary aim has been to show how simple and innovative experiments can be performed at almost no cost, by nearly anyone, to create significant new knowledge. The history of science shows that this is true in most areas of scientific research, albeit to varying degrees. I have focussed on the field of animal behaviour both because I am more familiar with this field than others, but also because, the field of animal behaviour is especially well-suited for such low-cost research. It has also been my aim, of course, to discuss the princi-ples of ethology (the scientific study of animal behaviour), through the medium of these experiments. My motivation in writing this series is to bring social prestige to low-cost research, make the practice of science more inclusive and democratic, and empower large numbers of people to become knowledge producers rather than merely remain knowledge consumers. The people I especially have in mind are, less-endowed sections of society, including, but not restricted to, under developed countries, marginalised institutions and individuals, students, the general public, amateurs, and all those with little or no access to large research grants and sophisti-cated laboratory facilities, for whatever reason.Note: Some passages in this article are reprinted from Suggested Readings [4, 5, 15 and 16].
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