Contributions of Sydney Brenner, one of the recipients of theNobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2002, to the areaof molecular biology and genetics remain unparalleled. Heis undoubtedly the most famous South African biologist withcontribution to the central dogma (DNA to RNA to protein)of molecular biology, and for proving that non-overlappingtriplet codons specify amino acids in a peptide. He pioneeredthe use of molecular biology to understand animal development.Although inspired by T H Morgan and H J Muller,Brenner found eutelic organisms, with a fixed number of cellsin adult individuals, to be better models to understand howan entire organismcomes to be from a zygote. His selection ofCaenorhabditis elegans was so well thought out that it allowedhim not only to perform lineage analysis for each of the 959cells but also let White and Brenner draw the entire wiringdiagram for the nervous system of C. elegans, a feat not accomplishedfor any other animal so far. We intend this articleto summarize some of the key findings of Sydney Brenner’swork on C. elegans spanning two decades.