We derive the metric for a Schwarzschild black hole with global monopole charge by relaxing asymptotic flatness of the Schwarzschild field. We then study the effect of global monopole charge on particle orbits and the Hawking radiation. It turns out that existence, boundedness and stability of circular orbits scale up by (1−8πη²)⁻¹, and the perihelion shift and the light bending by (1−8πη²)^−3/2, while the Hawking temperature scales down by (1−8πη²)² the Schwarzschild values. Hereη is the global charge.

Developments in understanding of baryogenesis are reviewed. We start with early motivations and the proposals in the context of GUTs. Next, the importance of the sphaleron solution and its implications are discussed. Studies of the Standard Model reveal that the latter has a Higgs structure incompatible with existence of observed B asymmetry. We then discuss a generic scenario for electroweak baryogenesis relying on bubble wall dynamics. We also summarise the status of the MSSM, and alternative scenarios utilising topological defects as the source of non-equilibrium behaviour and leptogenesis