A study of 100 interactions, produced by secondary particles from 200 GeV/c proton interactions in nuclear emulsions, has been made to estimate the transverse momenta of the secondary particles. The data have been analysed by different methods of energy estimation and the weighted average values ofp_t have been compared as estimated from various methods. An average value ofp_t equal to 0.38 ± 0.03 GeV/c, in proton-nucleus interactions at 200 GeV/c, has been obtained from the production mechanism method.

Lattice sum contributions have been calculated at the two octahedral sites in a phlogopite mica assuming a systematic distribution of octahedral cationic charges. This, unlike the case of a random distribution of charges, is able to reproduce broad features of quadrupole doublet spectra in Mössbauer experiments suggesting that the doublet assignments in terms of the two structural sites,M₁ (trans) andM₂(cis), are quite valid. Angle dependence of Mössbauer spectra has also been studied for a ferric-rich phlogopite mica sheet to determine the orientation of the EFG principal axis component and the sign of the quadrupole coupling constant. Quadrupole splitting values and the positive sign of coupling constants match the theoretical predictions quite well but the model fails to predict the observed EFG orientation.

Mössbauer spectra of Co_xMn_1−xFe₂O₄ and Ni_xMn_1−xFe₂O₄ ferrites withx values ranging from 0·1 to 0·8 in steps of 0·1 have been recorded at room temperature. All spectra exhibit well-defined Zeeman hyperfine patterns. It has been observed that hyperfine field at Fe³⁺ nucleus increases more rapidly by nickel substitution than by cobalt substitution. This has been explained in terms of exchange interactions and cation distribution in the spinels. Hyperfine fields, isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings have been determined.

A Mössbauer study of systems Co_xMn_3−x−yFe_yO₄ and Ni_xMn_3−x−yFe_yO₄ for values ofx=0·1, 0·5, 1·0 andy ranging from 0·1 to 2·0 in steps of 0·2 have been made. At room temperature samples fory values ranging in between 0·1 to 0·5 exhibit paramagnetic behaviour while all spectra for values ofy between 0·6 to 0·8 show relaxation effects. Well-defined hyperfine Zeeman spectra are observed for all the samples withy>0·8 and resolved in two sextets corresponding to octahedral and tetrahedral site symmetries and a central doublet probably due to the presence of super-paramagnetic particles in the system. The hyperfine field at⁵⁷Fe nucleus reduces with decreasing iron cobalt and nickel concentration. These observations have been explained in terms of site preference of cations and exchange interactions.

A Mössbauer study of cation distribution in systems Co_x Mn_3−x−yFe_yO₄ and Ni_x Mn_3−x−y Fe_yO₄ has been made. It has been found that in both systems all specimens withy<0.6 value exhibit quadrupole doublets corresponding to site symmetries Fe³⁺(I) and Fe³⁺(II) of octahedral site. As more and more cobalt or nickel is introduced into the matrix the intensity of the inner quadrupole doublet increases while on introducing iron that of the outer quadrupole doublet increases. After a certain concentration of iron the inner doublet starts becoming more intense. It is suggested that this arises possibly from the substitution of cations in the second co-ordination sphere of Fe³⁺(I) and Fe³⁺(II) sites. Fory>0.6 the Mössbauer spectra show relaxation effects.

Out of a total statistics of 896¹³⁹La+Ag(Br) interactions, 128 interactions having multiplicity of target fragments (Z⩾1)⩾8 and projectile fragments (Z⩾2)⩾4 have been selected. They correspond to quasi-peripheral interactions. Azimuthal angle correlation between sources of target fragments (TFs) and projectile fragments (PFs) shows the existence of bounce-off effect. Using data of La+Ag(Br) and⁸⁴Kr+Ag(Br) reactions it is shown that individual helium [Z=2, PFs] and heavier fragment [Z⩾3, PFs] show different emission characteristics. Further, a two prong correlation functionT(Φ_ij) plotted for heavier fragments and helium fragments separately, indicates the possibility of existence of different physical conditions. This observation is supported by the different momentum widths of helium fragments and heavier fragments. From the momentum width data of Kr+Ag(Br) reactions normalized density comes out to be ≈4.7. Using quasi-elastic kinematics for the bounce-off nuclei, the excitation energy has been computed from the experimental data of flow angles. The strength of bounce-off seems to decrease with the increase of excitation energy or temperature.