The concept of band tailing with focal point and width of the tail from IR absorption spectra of different organic conductors is found valid even for thermal and elastic changes. The experimental situations like change of solvents, method of preparation, applied pressure and pressure cycle apart from compositions is analyzed within the framework of tailing of states. Non-equilibrium due to coupling between applied energy and free electrons can be responsible for the exponential relaxation from non-equilibrium to equilibrium

The mass spectrum ofcb meson is investigated with an effective quark-antiquark potential of the form -α_c/r +Ar^νwith ν varying from 0.5 to 2.0. TheS andP-wave masses, pseudoscalar decay constant, weak decay partial widths in spectator model and the lifetime ofB_cmeson are computed. The properties calculated here are found to be in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental values at potential index,ν = 1

Heavy flavor baryons containing single and double charm (beauty) quarks with light flavor combinations are studied using the hypercentral description of the three-body problem. The confinement potential is assumed as hypercentral Coulomb plus power potential with power index 𝜈. The ground state masses of the heavy flavor, $J^{P} = \dfrac{1}{2}^{+}$ and $\dfrac{3}{2}^{+}$ baryons are computed for different power indices, 𝜈 starting from 0.5 to 2.0. The predicted masses are found to attain a saturated value in each case of quark combinations beyond the power index $\nu = 1.0$.

Triple heavy flavour baryons are studied using the hypercentral description of the three-body system. The confinement potential is assumed as hypercentral Coulomb plus power potential with power index 𝑝. The ground state ($J^{P} = \dfrac{1}{2}^{+}$ and $\dfrac{3}{2}^{+}$) masses of heavy flavour baryons are computed for different power index, 𝑝 starting from 0.5 to 2.0. The predicted masses are found to attain a saturated value with respect to variation in p beyond the power index $p$ > 1.0. Using the spin-flavour structure of the constituting quarks and by defining effective mass of the confined quarks within the baryons, the magnetic moments are computed with no additional free parameters.

The light flavour baryons are studied within the quark model using the hypercentral description of the three-body system. The confinement potential is assumed as hypercentral Coulomb plus power potential (hCPP$_\nu$ ) with power index 𝜈. The masses and magnetic moments of light flavour baryons are computed for different power indices, 𝜈, starting from 0.5 to 1.5. The predicted masses and magnetic moments are found to attain a saturated value with respect to variation in 𝜈 beyond the power index $\nu > 1.0$. Further, we computed transition magnetic moments and radiative decay width of light flavour baryons. The results are in good agreement with the known experimental as well as other theoretical models.

A comprehensive overview and some of the theoretical attempts towards understanding heavy flavour hadron spectroscopy are presented. Apart from the conventional quark structure (quark, antiquarks structure for the mesons and three-quarks structure of baryons) of hadrons, multiquark hadrons the hadron molecular states etc., also will be reviewed. Various issues and challenges in understanding the physics and dynamics of the quarks at the hadronic dimensions are highlighted. Looking into the present and future experimental prospects at different heavy flavour laboratories like BES-III, CLEO-c, BaBar, Belle, LHC etc., the scope for theoretical extensions of the present knowledge of heavy flavour physics would be very demanding. In this context, many relevant contributions from the forthcoming PANDA Facility are expected. Scopes and outlook of the hadron physics at the heavy flavour sector in view of the future experimental facilities are highlighted.

We analyse and explore some peculiar features of the generalized Pöschl–Teller potential. This particular potential can be tuned in terms of the allowed number of excited states, the shape of the potential, and the strength of the confinement. As an application we investigate the Bose–Einstein condensation of noninteracting ³⁹K atoms in this trapping potential. We numerically study the effect of different tuning schemes of this particular potential on the dynamics of noninteracting BEC.