By studying the classical betweenness and the universal degree methods, we put forward a new model to control the spread of cascading failure on scale-free networks. The new model is based on defining the load of an edge with respect to the betweenness centrality of the two connected nodes. The iterative process of a cascading failure on scale-free networks is analysed by removing one edge.We find that the proposed new model can control the spread of cascading failure more significantly. To make our conclusions more convincing, we have explored the performance of new models in real network by the power grid of the western United States. We further give the following reasonable explanations: First, the reason why the new model shows a more stable performance than the others has been explained. Secondly, we have explored the reason why the new model shows different advantages depending on the load for different networks and lastly, we have studied the exact difference between these two methods and the network structure. This paper might be useful for preventing and mitigating the cascading failure in real life.

Two-layer or multilayer networks can more accurately reveal the transmission dynamics of the actual network and increase the traffic capacity. Therefore, we considered optimising the physical layer topology of the two-layer network, and proposed a link deletion strategy at the physical layer. The nodes with maximum weight ($k_i$*$k_j$) were deleted, where $k_i$ and $k_j$ are the degrees of nodes $i$ and $j$, respectively, and the traffic load was redistributed from the central node to the non-central nodes. The simulation results showed that the strategy significantly increased the network traffic capacity. In two-layer network model, the logical layer network structure is unchanged and the shortest path routing strategy is used.

In recent years, enhancing the network capacity of complex networks has attracted wide attention. In reality, there are two-layer networks with logical-layer and physical-layer structures. It is meaningful to do research on two-layer networks. We proposed an improved efficient routing (IER) strategy to alleviate traffic congestion in two-layer networks. The static information and tunable parameter α of the two-layer network were considered inour routing strategy. Under our routing strategy, by changing the parameter α, the two-layer networks can achieve maximum traffic capacity. The simulation results showed that compared with the shortest path (SP) routing strategy and improved static weighted routing (ISWR) strategy, the proposed routing strategy can significantly improve the network traffic capacity.