The influence of pre-equilibrium emission on (n, p) reaction cross-sections at 14.8 MeV has been studied. Cross-sections for (n, p) reactions have been measured by the activation technique at 14.8 .1; 0.5 MeV neutron energy. The experimental cross-section values have been compared with the calculated values at 14.8 MeV with and without considering the pre-equilibrium emission. Equilibrium calculations have been performed according to the statistical model of Hauser and Feshbach while the hybrid model has been used to include the pre-equilibrium contribution. Pre-equilibrium emission has been considered only in the first emission step. The comparison of experimental and calculated values clearly indicates the presence of pre-equilibrium emission.

Excitation functions for the production of⁶⁸Ga,⁶⁷Ga,⁶⁶Ga,⁶⁵Ga +⁶⁵Zn and⁶¹Cu fromα-induced reactions in natural copper have been measured in the energy range ≈ 10–40 MeV using the stacked foil technique. A stack of nine copper foils was irradiated by a 40 MeVα-beam. Theγ-rays emitted from the irradiated samples were recorded. Excitation functions have also been calculated theoretically using a statistical model with and without the inclusion of pre-equilibrium emission of particles. Pre-equilibrium component simulated by exciton model shows that the inclusion of pre-equilibrium emission gives better agreement between experimental and theoretical excitation functions. Pre-equilibrium fraction depends on the incident energy and the target mass number.