The properties of nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) dust-acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in an unmagnetized, collisionless three-component dusty plasma, whose constituents are negatively charged cold dust fluid, superthermal/non-Maxwellian electrons (represented by kappa distribution) and Boltzmann distributed ions, are investigated by deriving the modified Gardner (MG) equation. The well-known reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the MG equation. The basic features of nonplanar DA Gardner solitons (GSs) are discussed. It is seen that the properties of nonplanar DAGSs (positive and negative) significantly differ as the value of spectral index 𝜅 changes.

A 2.2 kJ plasma focus device was analysed as an electron beam and an X-ray source that operates with argon gas refilled at a specific pressure. Time-resolved X-ray signals were observed using an array of PIN diode detectors, and the electron beam energy was detected using a scintillator-assisted photomultiplier tube. The resultant X-rays were investigated by plasma focus discharge for pressures ranging from 1.5 mbar to 2.0 mbar. This range corresponded to the significant values of X-ray yields and electron beam energies from the argon plasma. The electron temperature of argon plasma at an optimum pressure range was achieved by an indirect method using five-channel BPX65 PIN diodes of aluminum foils with different thicknesses. X-ray yield, electron beam energy, and electron temperature of argon plasma were achieved at 1.5–2.0 mbar because of the strong bombardment of the energetic electron beam.