A package for gamma spectrum analysis (PGSA) was developed using object-oriented Borland C++ design for MS-windows. This package consists of five programs which can be used for gamma-ray spectrum analysis and routine neutron activation analysis. The advantages of PGSA are its simple algorithms and its need for only minimum amount of input information.

In this study, we have used the cascade exciton model (CEM) to investigate different characteristics of nuclear reactions. Number of nucleon–nucleon collisions in Pb+Pb collisions as a function of impact parameter and rapidity distributions of negative particles from p+Ar and p+Xe interactions at 𝑝_lab = 200 GeV/c have been studied. We could create inclusive spectra of pions for separate charged states from reactions and total neutron multiplicities per primary reaction at 1000 MeV for different thin targets. Also, cross-sections for the reactions ²⁰⁹Bi(p, f) and ²⁰⁹Bi(n, f) were studied. Interactions of 1.0 GeV protons with C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb are presented in this study. All the calculated characteristics are compared with other theoretical calculations and compared with the experimental data. CEM shows good agreement with both theoretical and experimental results. In this study, we have used quantum molecular dynamic (QMD) as a theoretical model to compare our results.