Seed structure and seedling anatomy ofCajanus cajan are investigated. Seeds are non-endospermic. Initially ovules are anatropous but later they become campylotropous. The epidermis and the hypodermis of the seed coat consist of macrosclereids and osteosclereids respectively. Macrosclereids have fluted wall thickenings. The “tracheid island” has cells with lignified reticulate wall thickenings. Vascular interrelationship between the radicle, epicotyl and first pair of leaves have been described.

The abnormalities in morphology, number, size and position of subsidiary cells, stomatal complexes and guard cells in the leaf epidermis ofSorghum vulgare Pers. have been reported. The subsidiary cells per stomatal complex range from two to four. Normally, subsidiary cells do not arch over the poles of a stoma, but in some cases they cap the poles. Nuclear degradation has also been described in the guard cells.

Histopathological aspects of orange and guava are studied. The rotten orange pericarp shows distorted epidermis. The outer pericarp cell layers show spores of pathogenic fungi. The general cellular organisation is disturbed. Oil ducts get collapsed and the lignin deposits on the walls of tracheids are degenerated. In guava, small and large cavities are formed in the outer pericarp. The most interesting feature was the presence of very thick-walled sclereids in the pulp of rotten guava.

Structure, ontogeny and distribution of sclereids in the pericarp of seven species of mimosaceae are studied. Their occurrence is recorded in the epidermis hypodermis, mesocarp and endocarp. They may be macrosclereids or brachysclereids. Their structure and ontogeny are described and their taxonomic utility is pointed out.

The structure of the stipe and basal, middle and apical regions of the pod is described. The older stipe shows secondary growth as in a dicotyledonous stem. The stipe at its junction with the valves shows three vascular bundles, one large and two small, arranged in a triangular manner, with 3–5 lateral bundles inProsopis juliflora. The mature pericarp ofP. cineraria has one dorsal and two ventral vascular sutural bundles, but inP. juliflora there is a pair of vascular bundles in each suture. The valvular structure can be distinguished into one layered epicarp, multilayered mesocarp and few to many layered endocarp. The outer mesocarpic layers and all endocarpic layers are sclerenchymatous inP. juliflora but only the endocarpic layers are collenchymatous inP. cineraria. Within the circumscription of structural types of pod described by Fahn and Zohary (1955), theTrifolium type (form d) is found inP. cineraria and theCyanophyllum type inP. juliflora. Taxonomic importance of anatomical characters is brought to light to separate the two taxa.