Biometric data on bristle numbers for two segments and wing length of 936 femaleDrosophila melanogaster derived from a wild stock are presented. Heritabilities were about 0.4. The genetic correlation between the two bristle numbers was +.91, the environmental correlation insignificant. The genetic correlations between wing length and the bristle numbers were +39 and +.17, the environmental correlations again insignificant.

Eight populations ofDrosophila melanogaster were raised to varying levels of inbreeding:F=0.000, 0.250, 0.375, 0.500, 0.672, 0.734, 0.785 and 0.908. Estimates of covariances between full sibs and between half sibs for bristle number and wing length were made in each of these populations. The estimates for bristle number showed a linear rise with increase inF values. Statistically, the rise was not significant. The estimate for wing length did not show any specific trend in relation to the level of inbreeding. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical expectations.

Neither mean chaeta number nor mean wing length was affected by inbreeding.

Variation due to dominant effects of genes for wing length was found in all the populations. Three populations also showed non-additive genetic variation for bristle number.

The phenotypic variance tended to increase with increase in the level of inbreeding up to F=.500 and beyond this, it tended to decline.

The aim of this study was to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in bovine candidate genes CLEC7A, CD209 and TLR4, and explore the association between these SNPs with the occurrence of bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) disease. For this purpose, 549 animals were screened by a panel of four diagnostic tests, namely Johnin PPD test, ELISA test, faecal microscopy and IS900 blood PCR against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) to develop case–control populations. SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotypic–phenotypic associations were assessed by the PROCLOGISTIC procedure of SAS 9.3. Of the seven SNPs; rs110353594 in CLEC7A gene and rs8193046 in TLR4 gene were found to be associated with PTB. For SNP rs110353594, odds of CC and CT genotypes vs TT genotype was 1.543 (0.420–5.667; 95% CI) and 0.284 (0.104–0.774; 95% CI), respectively which means that CT genotype was more resistant than TT and CC genotypes against bovine PTB. For SNP rs8193046, odds of AA and AG genotypes versus GG genotype was 0.947 (0.296–3.034; 95% CI) and 3.947 (1.555–10.022; 95% CI), respectively, i.e. probability for getting an infection in animals with AG genotype was 3.94 times more as compared to GG genotype. Hence, a selection programme favouring CT genotype for rs110353594 and against AG genotype for rs8193046 may be beneficial for conferring resistance against bovine PTB.