High temperature (HT) stress is assuming serious production constraint for chickpea production worldwide. A collection of 182diverse chickpea genotypes was assessed for genetic variation in 15 traits including phenological, physiological and yield-related traitsunder both normal sown (NS) and late sown (LS) conditions for two years 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, which revealed significant variationfor all the traits. Association mapping of chickpea genotypes was also conducted with 120 simple sequence repeat markers distributedacross all the chickpea chromosomes to discern the molecular diversity and to capture the significant marker-trait association (MTA). MTAanalysis based on mixed linear model (MLM) revealed a total of 24 and 14 significant associations for various traits evaluated under NSconditions in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Similarly, a total of 17 and 34 significant associations for various traits were also recorded underLS conditions in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Notably, ICCM0297, NCPGR150, TAA160 and NCPGR156 markers showed significantMTA under both NS and LS conditions and GA11 exhibited significant MTA for filled pod% under late sown condition for both years.Thus, these markers could be useful for genomics-assisted breeding for developing heat-tolerant chickpea genotype.