Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by a geminivirus complex, is the most serious disease of upland cotton in northwest India and Pakistan. It results in substantial losses in cotton yield and fibre quality. Due to continuous appearance of new viral strains, all the established CLCuD resistant stocks, extant and obsolete cultivars of upland cotton have become susceptible. Therefore, it became crucial to explore the novel sources of CLCuD resistance, as development of CLCuD resistant varieties is the most practical approach to manage this menace. Here, for the first time, we report introgression and mapping of CLCuD resistance from a ‘synthetic cotton polyploid’ to uplandcotton. A backcross population (synthetic polyploid / Gossypium hirsutum Acc. PIL 43/G. hirsutum Acc. PIL 43) was developed for studying inheritance and mapping of CLCuD resistance. Dominance of CLCuD resistance was observed over its susceptibility. Two dominant genes were found to confer resistance to CLCuD. Molecular analysis through genotyping-by-sequencing revealed that chromosomes A01 and D07 harboured one CLCuD resistance gene each.