• DEBASIS BHATTACHARYA

      Articles written in Journal of Genetics

    • Complete mitogenome sequencing of Andaman buffalo: an endangered germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

      ARUN KUMAR DE PERUMAL PONRAJ DHRUBA MALAKAR RAMACHANDRAN MUTHIYAN A. KUNDU DEBASIS BHATTACHARYA

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      Andaman buffalo is an indigenous buffalo of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Over the last decade, it has witnessed a rapid decline in population, necessitating its immediate characterization and conservation. The present study reports the complete mitogenome profile of Andaman buffalo which is 16,359 bp in length and comprised of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs. In addition, one A + T rich region (D-loop) was also present. A biasness towards A and T base was observed in all the genes. All the PCGs except ND6 were present on heavy strand. Start codons for all the 13 PCGs were ATN codon and abbreviated/truncated stop codons were observed in ND1, ND2, COX3, ND3 and ND4. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Andaman buffalo is closely related to buffalo from India and China. The results from this study will help in sketching the conservation plan of the threatened breed.

    • Genetic structure, population diversity and ancestry of Nicobari fowl based on mtDNA complete D-loop sequences

      MUNISWAMY KANGAYAN ARUN KUMAR DE DEBASIS BHATTACHARYA SUJATHA TAMILVANAN PERUMAL PONRAJ RAFEEQUE R. ALYETHODI JAI SUNDER P. A. BALA ANANDAMOY KUNDU EAKNATH B. CHAKURKAR

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      Nicobari fowl constitute an endemic poultry germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Genetic diversity, population structure and ancestry of Nicobari fowl were analysed with mitochondrial D-loop sequences. Analysis of complete D-loop sequences (1231–1232 bp) showed 46 polymorphic sites resulting in 26 haplotypes with overall haplotype diversity of 0.895 and nucleotide diversityof 0.0064. Analysis of molecular variance of spatial populations (sampling sites) of Nicobari fowl revealed that the estimated FST value as 0.229 among the populations. Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests indicated nonsignificant deviation from neutrality and the multimodal pattern of mismatch distribution in demographic expansion suggested that Nicobari fowl populations are in equilibrium. The median-joining (MJ) network of D-loop sequences with reference haplogroup sequences identifies the presence of haplogroups A, B, E1, E2, F and I in Nicobari fowl. The major haplogroup in Nicobari fowl was E (60%), which is otherwise found mainly in the Indian subcontinent. Phylogenetic analysis of Nicobari fowl with junglefowl by maximum likelihood method showed Gallus gallus murghi and G. g. spadiceus as maternal progenitors. Grouping of Nicobari fowl with their primary ancestor, Indian red Junglefowl (G. g. murghi) and the presence of Indian subcontinent-specific haplogroups (E2 and I) support the independent domestication of chickens in India. This study will help to designbreeding strategy for conservation of Nicobari fowl in its island habitat.

    • Molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India: an insight into genetic assemblages

      ARUN KUMAR DE DEBASIS BHATTACHARYA SNEHA SAWHNEY PROKASANANDA BALA JAI SUNDER T. SUJATHA PERUMAL PONRAJ EAKNATH BHANUDASRAOCHAKURKAR

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      The tick, Rhipicephalus microplus is considered as the most notorious ectoparasite of veterinary importance in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The present study deals with the molecular characterization of R. microplus in different regions of Andaman and Nicobar Islands using sequence information of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COX1) and their phylogenetic relationship with other Indian R. microplus genotypes. DNA polymorphism study identified a total of eight haplotypes with haplotypediversity of 0.909 ± 0.065 and nucleotide diversity of 0.01911 ± 0.00493. Currently, R. microplus complex consists of five taxa; R. microplus clade A sensu Burger et al. (2014), R. microplus clade B sensu Burger et al. (2014), R. microplus clade C sensu Low et al. (2015), R. australis and R. annulatus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of two clades (clade A and clade C) of R. microplus in Andaman and Nicobar isolates; Nicobar isolates belonged to clade A whereas Andaman isolates belonged to clade C of R. microplus complex. All the other Indian sequences retrieved from GenBank belonged to clade C of R. microplus complex. Andaman isolates under clade C of R. microplus were phylogenetically distinct from Indian isolates, which indicates independent speciation under isolated island milieu. In Indian isolates, no host-specific or geographical location-specific sub-clustering was observed which indicates the species jumping potential of the R. microplus tick. Therefore, this study indicated the presence of two different genetic makeup of R. microplus complex in two areas of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago separated by a natural geographical barrier. This indicates presence of two different founding populations of ticks, one in the south and north-middle Andaman and the other in Nicobar Island.

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