In the present study, we report initial results on analysis of carbon dioxide (CO₂), water vapour (H₂O), and energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat flux) over teak mixed deciduous forests of Madhya Pradesh, central India, during winter (November 2011 and January 2012) and summer (February–May 2012) seasons using eddy covariance flux tower datasets. During the study period, continuous fast response measurements of CO₂, H₂O and heat fluxes above the canopy were carried out at 10 Hz and averaged for 30 minutes. Concurrently, slow response measurements of meteorological parameters are also being carried out. Diurnal and seasonal variations of CO₂, H₂O and heat fluxes were analysed and correlated with the meteorological variables. The study showed strong influence of leaf off and on scenario on the CO₂, H₂O and energy fluxes due to prevalence of deciduous vegetation type in the study area. Maximum amount of CO₂ was sequestered for photosynthesis during winter (monthly mean of −25 𝜇 mol/m²/s) compared to summer (monthly mean of −2 𝜇 mol/m²/s). Energy flux analysis (weekly mean) showed more energy being portioned into latent heat during winter (668 W/m²) and sensible heat during summer (718 W/m²).

We report the initial results of the methane flux measured using eddy covariance method during summer months from the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem, Sundarbans of India. Mangrove ecosystems are known sources for methane (CH₄) having very high global warming potential. In order to quantify the methane flux in mangroves, an eddy covariance flux tower was recently erected in the largest unpolluted and undisturbed mangrove ecosystem in Sundarbans (India). The tower is equipped with eddy covariance flux tower instruments to continuously measure methane fluxes besides the mass and energy fluxes. This paper presents the preliminary results of methane flux variations during summer months (i.e., April and May 2012) in Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The mean concentrations of CH₄ emission over the study period was 1682 ± 956 ppb. The measured CH₄ fluxes computed from eddy covariance technique showed that the study area acts as a net source for CH₄ with daily mean flux of 150.22 ± 248.87 mg m⁻² day⁻¹. The methane emission as well as its flux showed very high variability diurnally. Though the environmental conditions controlling methane emission is not yet fully understood, an attempt has been made in the present study to analyse the relationships of methane efflux with tidal activity. This present study is part of Indian Space Research Organisation–Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO–GBP) initiative under ‘National Carbon Project’.