1,3,5-tris-(4 formyl phenyl) benzene and p-Phenylenediamine based covalent organic framework(COF) i.e., National University of Singapore-15 (NUS-15) have been synthesized using the solvothermal method at room temperature. Importantly, synthesized NUS-15 has been analysed using powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopy techniques. Afterward, the optical properties of NUS-15 (excitation wavelength = 298 nm,emission wavelength = 404 nm) were confirmed through a photoluminescence spectrophotometer. Later on,biofunctionalization of NUS-15 was performed with Anti-BSA using coordination chemistry and confirmed through various analysis techniques. Based on optical properties, NUS-15-based Bioconjugate i.e., Anti-BSA@ NUS-15, has been utilized for selective sensing applications and noted 0.366 ppm detection limit for BSA. Our results imply that NUS-15 might be applied in future biomedical applications.

Synopsis. In this work, a covalent organic framework i.e., NUS-15 was synthesised and characterised for Anti-BSA tagged through simple coordination chemistry. Later, Anti BSA-tagged NUS-15 was explored for selective BSA sensing in a certain range using a photoluminescence spectrophotometer. Our results confirm 1.11 ppm (limit of quantification) and 0.366 ppm (limited of detection) during BSA detection.

Methylammonium lead bromide, i.e., MAPbBr₃, has been synthesized at room temperature through chemical stirring method. The structural characterization of synthesized MAPbBr₃ has been confirmed through X-ray diffraction technique, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermo gravimetric analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Afterward, the optical properties (excitation wavelength 415 nm; emission wavelength = 535 nm) of MAPbBr₃ were confirmed through a photoluminescence spectrophotometer. To end, MAPbBr₃ has been used for the optical detection of nitroaromatic compounds, i.e., nitrobenzene (NB), dinitrobenzene (DNB), dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrophenol (TNT) inhexane. Our research has confirmed the 7.1 ppb and 10 ppb detection limit (LOD) for nitrobenzene and dinitrobenzene only using MAPbBr₃, respectively. Importantly, we found out the selectivity %, i.e., 1.3% and2.7% in the case of nitrobenzene and dinitrobenzene sensing using MAPbBr₃ in hexane, respectively.

SYNOPSIS * Synthesis and analysis of MAPbBr₃, i.e., metal halide perovskite (MHPs), has been performed at room temperature through the chemical stirring method. * MAPbBr₃3 has been used for optical sensing of nitroaromatic compounds, i.e., nitrobenzene (NB), dinitrobenzene (DNB), dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrophenol (TNT) in hexane. * We have achieved 7.1 ppb and 10 ppb limit of detection (LOD) with selectivity %, i.e., 1.3% and 2.7% for nitrobenzene and di-nitrobenzene only using MAPbBr₃, respectively.