Vanadiumpentoxide (V₂O₅) nanoparticles have gainedmuch attention due to their simple synthesis, a wide range of chemical, industrial, biological, and medicinal applications including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-microbial activities. Vanadium complexes of Schiff bases were used as a precursor to synthesis vanadiumpentoxide (V₂O₅) nanoparticles. The precursor Schiff base complexeswere obtained by mixing vanadyl acetylacetonate with the prepared Schiff base ligands maintaining a ratio 1:1. After that V₂O₅ nanoparticles(denoted by C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4) were synthesized by the direct calcination method based on thermal evaporation-condensation of vanadium complexes at 600 ^°C for 3 h. Finally, the analytical tools such as FTIR, XRD,EDS and SEMprovided evidence in favor of the formation of V₂O₅ nanoparticles. In addition,microbial study and photocatalytic activity were carried out using a spectrophotometer. An antimicrobial study showed that all the prepared V₂O₅ nanoparticles have inhibition capacity against the growth of some selected human pathogenic bacteria and few of them against plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, these V₂O₅ nanoparticles have photocatalytic activity since these particles degrade organic dye, Eosin yellow