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    • K E Achyuthan

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    • Volume 3 Issue 2 June 1981 pp 149-155

      Cardiotoxin of the Indian cobra(Naja naja) is a pyrophosphatase

      K E Achyuthan L K Ramachandran

      More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF

      An inorganic pyrophosphatase has been purified to apparent homogeniety from Indian cobra(Naja naja) venom, with a ten-fold increase in specific activity. The enzyme activity is intrinsic to a protein fraction in the venom which is normally termed cardiotoxin, cobramine, cytotoxin and so on. The enzyme shows a lowKm (70 μI) and high heat stability. The enzyme was active against sodium pyrophosphate; it also hydrolyses a few mononucletides and sugar phosphates at much lower rates. The physiological significance of inorganic pyrophosphatase in venom is discussed.

    • Volume 5 Issue 1 March 1983 pp 1-6

      Non-identity of reaction centres for pyrophosphatase and toxic actions of cardiotoxin II: The status of cardiotoxin II as a metalloprotein

      K E Achyuthan L K Ramachandran

      More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF

      Cardiotoxin II of the Indian cobra(Naja naja) contains approximately four Mg2+ per mol. Complete demetallation of the toxin is achieved by three cycles of treatment with ethylenediamine tetraacetate and gel filtration. Reconstitution of toxin by treatment of the apo-protein with Mg2+ restores metal content and inorganic pyrophosphatase activity only to the extent of two atoms/mol and 65%, respectively. Use of Mg (II)-EDTA in the reconstitution experiment yields restoration of half the original enzyme activity. Mg2+ is required for the inorganic pyrophosphatase action of the toxin. A definitive statement on the non-essentiality of Mg2+ for the lethal toxicity of the toxin is not possible at present, although experimental observations indicate that demetallated toxin is as toxic as the native toxin. Based on this and the differing sensitivities of the enzyme and toxic activities of the toxin to heat, it is suggested that the reaction centres in the toxin for the two activities are different and that the pyrophosphatase activity is not causally connected with the lethal toxicity of the toxin

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    • To trigger further research on plant mitochondria, the Journal of Biosciences is bringing out a special issue titled "Plant Mitochondria: Properties and Interactions with Other Organelles".


      Plant mitochondria are quite distinct and have unique features, such as a cyanide-insensitive alternate pathway. They also interact with chloroplasts to optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation.


      Submissions are welcome until 30 July 2023. The contributions can be original articles, short communications, reviews, or mini-reviews on any topic related to plant mitochondria.


      Authors can submit their articles online at https://www.editorialmanager.com/jbsc/default2.aspx

      Posted on April 12, 2023
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