The optical transmission and absorption spectra in UV–VIS were recorded in the wavelength range 350–800 nm for different glass compositions in the system (CuO)_𝑥(PbO)_50–𝑥(Bi₂O₃)₅₀ (𝑥 = 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 20.0). Absorption coefficient (𝛼), optical energy gap (𝐸_opt), refractive index (𝑛_D), optical dielectric constant ($\varepsilon_{\infty}^{′}$), measure of extent of band tailing (𝛥 𝐸), constant (𝛽) and ratio of carrier concentration to the effective mass (𝑁/𝑚^*) have been reported. The effects of compositions of glasses on these parameters have been discussed. It has been indicated that a small compositional modification of the glasses lead to an important change in all the optical properties including non-linear behaviour. The optical parameters were found to be almost the same for different glasses in the same family.

The electrical conductivity of polyaniline doped polyvinylchloride (PVC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films has been measured by studying the 𝐼–𝑉 characteristics at various temperatures in the range 323–363 K. The results are presented in the form of 𝐼–𝑉 characteristics and analysis has been made by interpretation of Poole–Frenkel, Fowler–Nordheim, Schottky ln(𝐽) vs 𝑇 plots, Richardson and Arrhenius plots. The analysis of these results suggests that Schottky and Richardson mechanisms are primarily responsible for the observed conduction.