The effect of thermal annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of crystalline Tb/Fe multilayers has been studied using conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The growth of Tb–Fe amorphous alloy from the interface is observed with increasing annealing temperature. After annealing at 873 K, a clear total mixing of the multilayers by interdiffusion has been evidenced. The results are compared with the effect of ion irradiation in the same system.

Molybdenum-doped indium oxide nanopowders were synthesized via mechanical alloying with subsequent annealing at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C. Themorphologies and crystal structures of the synthesized nanopowders were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction patterns. X-ray diffraction pattern of the milled mixture shows the presence of both In₂O₃ phase and Mo element. The presence of broad peaks in the pattern confirms that the synthesized powders are nanosized. The X-ray diffraction of annealed samples at 600 °C shows the absence of Mo peaks revealing that the Mo was incorporated into the crystal lattices of In₂O₃. Interestingly, it was observed that the diffraction peaks were still broad in the annealed samples indicating the single phase at the nanoscale. From the XRD pattern, the calculated crystallite sizes were in the range of 12–18 nm. Magnetic properties of the synthesized Mo-doped In₂O₃ nanopowders were examined and it was found that the obtained nanopowders possess diamagnetic properties.