Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/CuS composite nanofibres were successfully prepared by electrospinning technique and gas–solid reaction. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed that the average diameter of PVA/CuS fibres was about 150–200 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that a majority of CuS nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 15–25 nm are incorporated in the PVA fibres. Xray diffraction (XRD) analyses and electron diffraction pattern also revealed the forming of CuS crystal structure in the PVA fibres.

The ultrafine poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) fibres have been prepared for the first time by electrospinning. The spinning solutions (NaPSS aqueous solutions) in varied concentrations were studied for electrospinning into ultrafine fibres. The results indicated that the smooth fibre could be formed when the concentration of NaPSS was above 40 wt.%. The morphology of the fibres was shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the structure of NaPSS did not change after electrospinning.

In this work, a new material, calcium fluoride (CaF$_2$)-appended poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibre scaffold,was prepared through electrospinning technique successfully. Scanning electron microscopy result showed that the morphologyof the fibres was uniform and smooth, and the average diameter of the fibres was about 200 nm. Transmissionelectron microscopy results showed that many CaF$_2$ nanoparticles were well dispersed in the PVA fibre matrix. The waterresistant ability of the scaffold was improved through intermolecular crosslinking of PVA by formaldehyde vapour. Thisnovel material seems to be a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.