Twentieth century bore witness to remarkable scientists whohave advanced our understanding of the brain. Among them,Sir Charles Scott Sherrington’s ideas about the way in whichthe central nervous system operates has continuing relevanceeven today. He received honorary doctorates from twentytwouniversities and was honoured with the Nobel Prize inPhysiology or Medicine in the year 1932 along with LordEdgar Adrian for their work on the functions of neurons. Hedeveloped our modern notion of the reflex as a model for howthe periphery and spinal cord connect sensation and action.

Twentieth century bore witness to remarkable scientists whohave advanced our understanding of the brain. Among them,EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) imaging is particularlyuseful in monitoring hypoxic zones in tumors which arehighly resistant to radiation and chemotherapeutic treatment.This first part of the article covers aspects of CW(continuous wave) imaging with details of FT (pulsed FourierTransform)-EPR imaging covered in Part 2, to be publishedin the next issue of Resonance.

Oliver and Soundararajan have recently discoveredan unexpected bias in the distribution ofprime numbers. Interestingly, the authors embarkedon this research after hearing about acounter-intuitive result obtained upon comparisonof two elementary coin tossing experiments.This article describes these experiments and presentsboth numerical and analytical methods forexploring the source of inspiration for their research.Elaboration of such key motivations orthemes provides a way of bringing the excitementof recent mathematical discoveries to theundergraduate classroom.

Is there life anywhere else in the vast cosmos?Are there planets similar to the Earth? For centuries,these questions baffled curious minds. Eithera positive or negative answer, if found oneday, would carry a deep philosophical significancefor our very existence in the universe. Althoughthe search for extra-terrestrial intelligence wasinitiated decades ago, a systematic scientific andglobal quest towards achieving a convincing answerbegan in 1995 with the discovery of the firstconfirmed planet orbiting around the solar-typestar 51 Pegasi. Since then, astronomers have discoveredmany exoplanets using two main techniques,radial velocity and transit measurements.In the first part of this article, we shall describethe different astronomical methods through whichthe extrasolar planets of various kinds are discovered.In the second part of the article we shalldiscuss the various kinds of exoplanets, in particularabout the habitable planets discovered tilldate and the present status of our search for ahabitable planet similar to the Earth.

In this article, we given an alternative proof of Pythagorean theorem from Heron's formula using elementary school-level geometry.