Complex dynamical invariants are searched out for two-dimensional complex potentials using rationalization method within the framework of an extended complex phase space characterized by $x = x_{1} + ip_{3}. y = x_{2} + ip_{4}, p_{x} = p_{1} + ix_{3}, p_{y} = p_{2} + ix_{4}$. It is found that the cubic oscillator and shifted harmonic oscillator admit quadratic complex invariants. THe obtained invariants may be useful for studying non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems.

This paper studies the Klein–Gordon–Zakharov equation with power-law nonlinearity. This is a coupled nonlinear evolution equation. The solutions for this equation are obtained by the travelling wave hypothesis method, $(G'/G)$ method and the mapping method.

For the standard quantum Brownian motion (QBM) model, we point out the occurrence of simultaneous (parallel), mutually irreducible and autonomous decoherence processes. Besides the standard Brownian particle, we show that there is at least another system undergoing the dynamics described by the QBM model. We do this by selecting the two mutually irreducible, global structures (decompositions into subsystems) of the composite system of the QBM model. The generalization of this observation is a new, challenging task in the foundations of the decoherence theory. We do not place our findings in any interpretational context.

A class of general relativistic solutions in isotropic spherical polar coordinates which describe compact stars in hydrostatic equilibrium are discussed. The stellar models obtained here are characterized by four parameters, namely, 𝜆, 𝑘, 𝐴 and 𝑅 of geometrical significance related to the inhomogeneity of the matter content of the star. The stellar models obtained using the solutions are physically viable for a wide range of values of the parameters. The physical features of the compact objects taken up here are studied numerically for a number of admissible values of the parameters. Observational stellar mass data are used to construct suitable models of the compact stars.

We investigate the role played by the cosmological constant during gravitational collapse of a radiating star with vanishing Weyl stresses in the interior. We highlight the role played by the cosmological constant during the latter stages of collapse. The evolution of the temperature of the collapsing body is studied by employing causal heat transport equation. We show that the inclusion of the cosmological constant enhances the temperature within the stellar core.

In this paper, we derive the Jarzynski equality (JE) for an isolated quantum system in three different cases: (i) the full evolution is unitary with no intermediate measurements, (ii) with intermediate measurements of arbitrary observables being performed, and (iii) with intermediate measurements whose outcomes are used to modify the external protocol (feedback). We assume that the measurements will involve errors that are purely classical in nature. Our treatment is based on path probability in state space for each realization. This is in contrast with the formal approach based on projection operator and density matrices. We find that the JE remains unaffected in the second case, but gets modified in the third case where the mutual information between the measured values with the actual eigenvalues must be incorporated into the relation.

Production cross-sections of the therapeutic ¹⁰⁵Rh radionuclide from proton-induced reactions on natural palladium target were measured using stacked-foil activation technique combined with high resolution 𝛾-ray spectrometry at the MC50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. Note that cyclotron production of the ¹⁰⁵Rh radionuclide from natural palladium target was measured here for the first time. Results are compared with the theoretical values obtained using the model codes TALYS and ALICE-IPPE. Thick target integral yields for the investigated ¹⁰⁵Rh radionuclide were deduced from the threshold energy to 40 MeV. Measured data of the ¹⁰⁵Rh radionuclide are important because of its potential applications in nuclear medicine and/or therapeutic purposes. Optimal production circumstances for the therapeutic ¹⁰⁵Rh radionuclide using a cyclotron are discussed elaborately.

The ²³²Th$(n, \gamma)$ reaction cross-section at average neutron energies of 13.5, 15.5 and 17.28 MeV from the ⁷Li$(p, n)$ reaction has been determined for the first time using activation and off-line 𝛾-ray spectrometric technique. The ²³²Th$(n, 2n)$ cross-section at 17.28 MeV neutron energy has also been determined using the same technique. The experimentally determined ²³²Th$(n, \gamma)$ and ²³²Th$(n, 2n)$ reaction cross-sections from the present work were compared with the evaluated data of ENDF/BVII and JENDL-4.0 and were found to be in good agreement. The present data, along with literature data in a wide range of neutron energies, were interpreted in terms of competition between ²³²Th$(n, \gamma)$, $(n, f)$, $(n, nf)$ and $(n, xn)$ reaction channels. The ²³²Th$(n, \gamma)$ and ²³²Th$(n, 2n)$ reaction cross-sections were also calculated theoretically using the TALYS 1.2 computer code and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data from the present work but were slightly higher than the literature data at lower neutron energies.

A conventional 10 MeV drift tube Linac is designed as a part of the $H^-$ front end accelerator system for the future Indian Spallation Neutron Source. The front end Linac consists of a 50 keV H^- ion source, low energy beam transport (LEBT), a 3 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and a 10 MeV drift tube Linac (DTL), which will be operated at 1.25% duty factor. Cell geometry of the DTL is optimized to house quadrupole magnets and to get maximum effective shunt impedance. Transmission efficiency and various other output parameters depend on the input design parameters. Beam dynamic studies are done to maximize the transmission efficiency with minimum emittance growth. Errors in the alignment of the quadrupoles inside the drift tubes or the DTL tank alignment with respect to transport line will degrade the beam quality and may reduce the transmission efficiency. Error study is performed to assess the acceptable tolerances on various parameters. This paper describes the 2D and 3D electromagnetic and beam dynamics simulations of the 352.2 MHz, 10 MeV drift tube Linac. Details of the DTL design are reported in this paper.

This report gives a discussion of a new wave characteristic as a material parameter for a composite with the magnetoelectric effect. The new parameter depends on the material constants of a piezoelectromagnetic composite. It can be implemented on : (A) mechanically free, electrically and magnetically open surface and (B) mechanically free, electrically and magnetically closed surface. These theoretical investigations are useful for researches in the firlds of acousto-optics, photonics and opto-acousto-electronics. Some sample calculations are carried out for BaTiO₃ - CoFe₂O₄ and PZT-5H-Terfenol-D composites of class $6 mm$. Also, the first and second derivatives of the new parameter with respect to the electromagnetic constant 𝛼 are graphically shown.

A time-dependent analytical thermal model of the temperature and the corresponding induced thermal stresses in continuous wave double-end-pumped laser rod are derived from the first principle using the integral transform method. The aim of the paper is to study the effect of increasing the pumping powers while the laser crystals are still in the safe zone (i.e. far away from failure stress) and to suitably choose a crystal that achieves this task. The result of this work is compared with a well-verified finite element solution and a good agreement has been found. Some conclusions are obtained: Tm:YAP crystal, which has high thermal conductivity, low expansion coefficient, low absorption coefficient, low thermal factor and low product of $\gamma E/(1−\nu)$, is the best choice to reduce induced stress although it is responded and brought to thermal equilibrium faster than the other types of crystal usually used in the end-pumped solid-state laser.

The application of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) for quantitative analysis of materials, illustrated by CF-LIBS applied to a brass sample of known composition, is presented in this paper. The LIBS plasma is produced by a 355 nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of 6 ns focussed onto a brass sample in air at atmospheric pressure. The time-resolved atomic and ionic emission lines of Cu and Zn from the LIBS spectra recorded by an Echelle spectrograph coupled with a gated intensified charge coupled detector are used for the plasma characterization and the quantitative analysis of the sample. The time delay where the plasma is optically thin and is also in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), necessary for the elemental analysis of samples from the LIBS spectra, is deduced. An algorithm relating the experimentally measured spectral intensity values with the basic physics of the plasma is developed. Using the algorithm, the Zn and Cu concentratioins in the brass sample are determined. The analytical result obtained from the CF-LIBS technique agree well with the certified valued of the elements in the sample, with an accuracy error < 1%

By generalizing the complex potential approach developed by Lekhnitskii, plane problems of one-dimensional quasicrystals are solved first by using an octet formalism for which there are four pairs of comple roots; The approach uses a representation of stresses and proceeds by integration of the expressions for deformations and application of the anisotropic constitutive law and the compatibility of displacements. To illustrate its utility, the generalized lekhnitskii's formalism is used to analyse the coupled phonon and phason fields in an infinite quasicrystal medium containing an elliptic rigid inclusion.

We have analytically explored the temperature dependence of critical number of particales for the collapse of a harmonically trapped attractively interacting Bose gas below the condensation point by introducing a kinetic approach within the Hartee-Fock approximation. The temperature dependence obtained by this easy approach is consistant with that obtained from the scaling theory.

The electronic structures of hexagonal-close-packed divalent titanium (3-d) and zirconium (4-d) transition metals are studied by using a non-local model potential method. From the present calculation of energy bands, Fermi energy, density of states and the electronic heat capacity of these two metals are determined and compared with the existing results in the literature.