• Volume 67, Issue 5

November 2006,   pages  742-997

• Preface

• Super B factories

Heavy-flavor physics, in particular B and τ physics results from the B factories, currently provides strong constraints on models of physics beyond the Standard Model. A new generation of colliders, Super B Factories, with 50 to 100 times the luminosity of existing colliders, can, in a dialog with LHC and ILC, provide unique clarification of new physics phenomena seen at those machines.

• Puzzles in B physics

I discuss some puzzles observed in exclusive B-meson decays, concentrating on the large difference between the direct CP asymmetries in the B0 → πK= and B± → π0K± modes, the large B0 → π0π0 branching ratio, and the large deviation of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries in the bsqq penguins from those in the bccs trees.

• CP-violations in B decays

Recent results on CP-violation measurements in B decays from energy-asymmetric B-factory experiments are reported. Thanks to large accumulated data samples, CP-violations in B decays in mixing-decay interference and direct CP-violation are now firmly established. The measurements of three angles of the unitarity triangle from CP-violations of B decays are quite consistent with the Standard Model expectations. These results strongly support the validity of the Kobayashi-Maskawa prescription of CP-violation.

• New physics hints in B decays and collider outlook

There are currently two hints for new physics involving CP violation in bs transitions: ΔSSf − SJϕK ≠ 0, and difference in direct CP asymmetry ΔAAK+π0AK+π ≠ 0. We explore the two scenarios with a large and unique new CP phase in bs transitions. Motivated by ΔS ≠ 0, we update on the right-handed strange-beauty squark sb1R at TeV scale. Motivated by ΔA ≠ 0, we explore sequential fourth generation t′ and b′ quarks. Both scenarios can survive constraints such as SM level bsγ, sll and Bs mixing, and predict sizable CP violation in Bs mixing. The fourth generation picture predicts sizable KLπ0vv. Direct search for sbR, b′ and t′ at hadronic colliders, such as Tevatron Run II and LHC, can complement further CP violation studies at these machines, as well as at the future Super B factory.

• Observable N$$\overline N$$ oscillation, high-scale see-saw and origin of matteroscillation, high-scale see-saw and origin of matter

See-saw mechanism has been a dominant paradigm in the discussion of neutrino masses. We discuss how this idea can be tested via a baryon number violating process such as N-$$\overline N$$ oscillation. Since the expected see-saw scale is high and the N-$$\overline N$$ amplitude goes like MR−5, one might think that this process is not observable in realistic see-saw models for neutrino masses. In this talk I show that in supersymmetric models, the above conclusion is circumvented leading to an enhanced and observable rate for N$$\overline N$$ oscillation. I also discuss a new mechanism for baryogenesis in generic models for neutron-anti-neutron oscillation.

• Split supersymmetry in brane models

Type-I string theory in the presence of internal magnetic fields provides a concrete realization of split supersymmetry. To lowest order, gauginos are massless while squarks and sleptons are superheavy. For weak magnetic fields, the correct Standard Model spectrum guarantees gauge coupling unification with sin2ϑW=3/8 at the compactification scale of MGUT ⋍ 2 × 1016 GeV. I discuss mechanisms for generating gaugino and higgsino masses at the TeV scale, as well as generalizations to models with split extended supersymmetry in the gauge sector.

• Lepton family symmetries for neutrino masses and mixing

I review some of the recent progress (up to December 2005) in applying non-Abelian discrete symmetries to the family structure of leptons, with particular emphasis on the tribimaximal mixing ansatz of Harrison, Perkins and Scott.

• Little higgs models and T parity

Little Higgs models are an interesting extension of the Standard Model at the TeV scale. They provide a simple and attractive mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. We review one of the simplest models of this class, the Littlest Higgs model, and its extension with T parity. The model with T parity satisfies precision electroweak constraints without fine-tuning, contains an attractive dark matter candidate, and leads to interesting phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

• Beyond the new standard model in neutrino oscillations

We discuss effects of new physics (NP) in neutrino oscillation experiments. Such effects can modify a production neutrino flux, a detection cross-section and a matter transition. As a result, the NP effects change neutrino oscillations both in vacuum and in matter. A relation between the small effects of NP and the oscillation parameters is discussed. It is shown for which parameters the NP effects are suppressed and when they are potentially large. Oscillations of non-unitary mixed neutrinos are presented in more details.

• CP violation in supersymmetry, Higgs sector and the large hadron collider

In this talk I discuss some aspects of CP violation (CPV) in supersymmetry (SUSY) as well as in the Higgs sector. Further, I discuss ways in which these may be probed at hadronic colliders. In particular I will point out the ways in which studies in the $$\widetilde\chi ^ \pm ,\widetilde\chi _2^0$$ sector at the Tevatron may be used to provide information on this and how the search can be extended to the LHC. I will then follow this by a discussion of the CP mixing induced in the Higgs sector due to the above-mentioned CPV in the soft SUSY breaking parameters and its effects on the Higgs phenomenology at the LHC. I would then point out some interesting aspects of the phenomenology of a moderately light charged Higgs boson, consistent with the LEP constraints, in this scenario. Decay of such a charged Higgs boson would also allow a probe of a light (≲50 GeV), CP-violating (CPV) Higgs boson. Such a light neutral Higgs boson might have escaped detection at LEP and could also be missed at the LHC in the usual search channels.

• Working group report: Flavor physics and model building

This is the report of flavor physics and model building working group at WHEPP-9. While activites in flavor physics have been mainly focused on B-physics, those in model building have been primarily devoted to neutrino physics. We present summary of working group discussions carried out during the workshop in the above fields, and also briefly review the progress made in some projects subsequently.

• Quantum chromodynamics at hadron colliders

QCD is an extensively developed and tested gauge theory, which models the strong interactions in the high-energy regime. In this talk, I shall review the considerable progress which has been achieved in the last few years in the most actively studied QCD topics: Monte Carlo models, higher-order corrections, and parton distribution functions. Thanks to that, QCD in the high-energy regime is becoming more and more an essential precision tool kit to analyse Higgs and new physics scenarios at the LHC.

• Standard and SUSY Higgs production at the LHC

Recent theoretical developments concerning Higgs production at the large hadron collider are reviewed, both in the standard model and in the MSSM. Emphasis is put on the inclusive and exclusive cross-sections for gluon fusion, as well as on the associated production with bottom quarks.

• Present status of lattice QCD at nonzero T and μ

I review a few selected topics in lattice quantum chromodynamics, focusing more on the recent results. These include (i) the equation of state and speed of sound, (ii) J/ψ suppression, (iii) flavour correlations and (iv) the QCD phase diagram in the μ-T plane.

• Nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: A review

I review recent results from the heavy-ion programme at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and their interpretation.

• Status of the quark gluon plasma search

A selection of results are discussed that support the conclusion that strongly interacting quark gluon plasma is produced in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL.

• Results from STAR experiment at RHIC

We present some of the important experimental results from nucleus-nucleus collision studies carried out by the STAR experiment at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The results suggests that central Au+Au collisions at RHIC has produced a dense and rapidly thermalizing matter with initial energy densities above the critical values predicted by lattice QCD for establishment of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP).

• Surface structure of quark stars with magnetic fields

We investigate the impact of magnetic fields on the electron distribution of the electrosphere of quark stars. For moderately strong magnetic fields of B ∼ 1013 G, quantization effects are generally weak due to the large number density of electrons at surface, but can nevertheless affect the photon emission properties of quark stars. We outline the main observational characteristics of quark stars as determined by their surface emission, and briefly discuss their formation in explosive events termed as quark-novae, which may be connected to the r-process.

• The main injector particle production experiment at Fermilab

We describe the physics capabilities and status of the MIPP experiment which concluded its physics data taking run in March 2006. We show some preliminary results from this run and describe plans to upgrade the spectrometer.

• Working group report: Heavy-ion physics and quark-gluon plasma

This is the report of Heavy Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma at WHEPP-09 which was part of Working Group-4. Discussion and work on some aspects of quark-gluon plasma believed to have created in heavy-ion collisions and in early Universe are reported.

• Working group report: Quantum chromodynamics

This is the report of the subgroup QCD of Working Group-4 at WHEPP-9. We present the activities that had taken place in the subgroup and report some of the partial results arrived at following the discussion at the working group meetings.

• List of participants

• # Pramana – Journal of Physics

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