In the present investigation, phenotypic evaluation of blast disease reaction was conducted at Ponnampet and Mandya districts of Karnataka, India, which indicated that the rice varieties such as IR64, Jaya, KMP153, IR30864, Mandya Sona-1, Mandya Sona-2, KCP-1, Dodda Byra, and Malgudi Sanna were susceptible to both leaf and neck blasts. Further, the rice varieties that were resistant to leaf blast such as KMP200, DHMAS70Q164-1b, Karibatta, Coimbatore Sanna and others showed susceptible reaction to neck blast only. In contrast, the varieties such as JyothixBR2655, Punkutt Kodi, Sirsi, 222 and Gangadale which were resistant to neck blast were found to be susceptible to leaf blast also. Only one variety, BR2655 showed resistance to both leaf and neck blast diseases. The genotypic studies using simple sequence repeat markers showed that the analysis of the distribution of resistance genes and genotyping of the selected rice varieties, and traditional rice varieties from different ecological regions with allele specific markers helped to identify 20 major blast resistance genes. The individual gene frequencies of the 20 major rice blast resistance genes varied from 10.34 to 100%. Less and more frequency of resistance gene distribution occurred in Pi9 and Pizt gene, respectively. The result of this study would help to create strategies for improving rice blast resistance through genetic studies and plant–pathogen interaction.