The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are a class of porous, crystalline material with numerous possibilities of real-world applications including storage, separation, catalysis, sensing etc. The possibility of intrinsic crystallinity and virtually infinite metal/metal-oxo node and organic linker combination make it a perfect material for photophysical studies. In the last decade, luminescent MOFs have emerged as an excellent modular material for various optical applications, and here, we have discussed about its design strategies. In this review, with relevant examples we have highlighted the rational design approach, possible applications (light emitting diodes, sensing) and future directions in luminescent MOFs